![]() Tremor, dystonia, myoclonus, and gait disturbance are the most prevalent presentations of functional movement disorders ( 3– 6), which may encompass 5–20% of patients in a movement disorder clinic-functional dystonia being one of the most common ( 8). The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders does not require the presence of a psychologic stressor as a criterion for diagnosis ( 7). It should rely not on the exclusion of organic diseases or the presence of psychological features, but on the observation of clinical features of the specific movement disorders ( 3– 6). The diagnosis of functional movement disorders is challenging. In recent years, the term “functional” has been used more frequently than “psychogenic” in medical literature ( 2). Furthermore, 27.6% of patients showed the most characteristic type of functional stomatognathic movement disorders: very fast repeated jaw and/or lingual movements.įunctional (psychogenic) movement disorders are part of a spectrum of functional neurological disorders, which are among the most common causes of neurological disability ( 1). Characteristic features of functional stomatognathic movement disorders were rapidly repeating mandibular (lateral or tapping) and tongue movements (27.6%), which fluctuated in speed and direction.Ĭonclusion: In 58 patients with functional movement disorders in the stomatognathic system, the functional dystonia phenotype was observed in 44.8%. A functional dystonia phenotype (unilateral lower lip pulling and jaw deviation) was observed in 26 patients (44.8%). Common involuntary movements included jaw deviation (74.1%), jaw closing (50%), lip pulling (34.5%), and tongue movement (31%). Some patients had a combination of organic and functional disease. Sixty percent of patients exhibited a pattern resembling dystonia. Results: Frequent items in the scale were inconsistent symptoms (93.1%), incongruous symptoms (91.4%), spreading to multiple sites (89.7%), paroxysmal symptoms (86.2%), and lack of sensory tricks (81%). ![]() ![]() Characteristic features, including the pattern and site of abnormal movements, were assessed in clinical examination. Fifty-eight patients scored over 7 points on the criteria and were included in further analyses. The criteria included inconsistency, incongruence, and paroxysm in symptoms rapid onset distractibility suggestibility static course spreading to multiple sites spontaneous remission and lack of sensory tricks. Methods: Ten-item inclusion criteria (point range: 0–10) for functional movement disorders in the stomatognathic system was produced, based on previously established criteria for functional movement disorders and general signs of functional facial dystonia, to determine subject inclusion. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate clinical characteristics and phenomenology in patients with functional movement disorders in the stomatognathic system. However, functional movement disorders in the stomatognathic system are underrecognized. ![]() Tonic mandibular deviation accompanying ipsilateral downward and lateral lip pulling is the most common phenotype seen in patients with facial functional movement disorders. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, National Hospital Organization, Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Japanīackground: Functional (psychogenic) movement disorders often have distinguishable clinical features in the orofacial region.
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